Growth and Development of Ipomoea Weeds

A.A.M Barroso,D Martins,P.S.H Ferreira

doi:10.1590/s0100-83582019370100034

A.A.M Barroso, D Martins + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582019370100034

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Abstract

ABSTRACT: Weeds reduce the productive potential of crops. Plants of the Ipomoea genus, besides competing for water, light, space and nutrients, create problems in crop harvests due to their volatile stems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and development of five Ipomoea species. For such, Ipomoea grandifolia, Ipomoea hederifolia, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea purpurea and Ipomoea quamoclit plants were analyzed during the summer and winter season. Five destructive and periodic growth evaluations were carried out for each study, where leaf number, leaves, stems, roots and the total biomass were analyzed. Phenological stages of the plant development were also evaluated for emergence, flowering and maturation sub-periods by degree-days, totalizing five treatments, conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The phenology averages were analyzed according to the Hess scale, and the growth data through nonlinear regressions. I. quamoclit and I. grandifolia obtained the highest number of leaves in the summer and the winter, respectively. I. nil obtained greater accumulation of leaf and stem dry biomass in both seasons. I. grandifolia obtained greater root development in both periods. I. quamoclit presented reduced cycle times when compared to the other species, especially I. hederifolia and I. grandifolia, which presented larger cycles. Based on the results, I. grandifolia probably shows greater interference with agricultural crops due to high root growth, high leaf production and longer cycle. Shorter-cycle species, such as I. quamoclit, when present, should require shorter residual control periods.

Highlights

The presence of weeds damages agricultural crops, since they take up physical space, compete for light, water and nutrients and may release allelopathic compounds
In Brazil, the presence of ivyleaf morningglories infesting agricultural areas has increased over the last years, mainly for the Ipomoea hederifolia, I. quamoclit, I. grandifolia and I. nil species (Kuva et al, 2007)
In the summer, observing the number of leaves produced, a growth adaptative advantage shown by Ipomoea quamoclit was observed in relation to the other species

Summary

Introduction

The presence of weeds damages agricultural crops, since they take up physical space, compete for light, water and nutrients and may release allelopathic compounds. In Brazil, the presence of ivyleaf morningglories infesting agricultural areas has increased over the last years, mainly for the Ipomoea hederifolia, I. quamoclit, I. grandifolia and I. nil species (Kuva et al, 2007) Areas where these species prevail have their crop productivity reduced, as observed in the presence of I. hederifolia, which reduced the productivity of culms in sugarcane by 46%, and in the presence of I. grandifolia and I. purpurea, which reduced in up to 80% the soybean productivity (Silva et al, 2009; Pagnoncelli et al, 2017). The plant development occurs even during the phase of greatest growth of cane fields, and adult plants get intertwined with the culms and leaves of the crops, having a negative interference in the cane development and the crop and harvest practices. During harvest, their fruits and seeds may be connected to the mother plant, favoring their dissemination by the harvester to medium and long distances (Azania et al, 2002)

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