Abstract
The titanium and vanadium suboxides MO x (where 1.5 < x < 2 and M is Ti or V) are particularly interesting compounds because many show metal-insulator transitions which result in interesting electrical, magnetic and spectroscopic phenomena. We have grown high purity crystals of the congruently melting compounds Ti 2O 3, Ti 3O 5 and V 2O 3 and mixed compounds using the tri-arc melting technique. Crystals were grown at speeds of 1-1.5 cm/h. The Magneli phases M n O 2 n-1 ( n⩾4) do not melt congruently and therefore we have grown a number of these compounds using chemical vapor transport with TeC1 4 or NH 4C1. Twinned needles typically larger than 1 cm long are grown by pulling transport in 3–5 days. The crystals have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption and gamma-ray activation analysis. In addition, the use of a scanning microcalorimeter made it possible to determine phase transitions on needles weighing as little as 2–10 mg. The stoichiometry was determined using X-ray diffraction, pycnometric density measurements and thermogravimetry.
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