Спектральное определение фосфора с использованием его электротермического испарения и атомизации в присутствии различных химических модификаторов (Обзор)

Abstract

The determination of low phosphorus content in different samples is most commonly carried out by the various spectroscopic methods with electrothermal vaporization (ETV) and electrothermal atomization (ETA). The thermochemical processes of converting substances from the initial sample to particle are the same for these methods. In this work, we have compared the conditions of analysis and analytical characteristics (limit of detection and characteristic mass) of a large quantity of spectroscopic methods for the phosphorus determination. Atomic absorption analysis with ETA and molecular absorption analysis with ETV, with and without different chemical modifiers in ETA and ETV, are the ones that have been studied in most detail. The possible causes of phosphorus losses during the stage of pyrolysis, mechanisms of phosphorus atomization and molecules formation with ETA and ETV were considered. A special attention was paid to the effectiveness (temperature increase of the pyrolysis stage, improvement of the sensitivity and determination accuracy, reduction of the background interference, etc.) of the following chemical modifiers: lanthanum and palladium nitrates, fluoride (HF, NaF, KF, CsF, and NH4F) and several other chemicals. Both experimentally proven and proposed action mechanisms of various chemical modifiers manifesting themselves during the phosphorus determination were considered. The prospects of the use of high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometers for the phosphorus determination by atomic and molecular absorption and for the effective registration of the background absorption are noted. Key words : phosphorus, atomic absorption analysis, molecular absorption analysis, spectroscopic methods of analysis, the stage of pyrolysis, atomization, vaporization, chemical modifier. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2016.20.4.010 Alexander A. Pupyshev 1 , Polina V. Zaitceva 1 , Maria V. Zaitceva 2 1 Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin», ul. Mira, 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation 2 The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IGG UB RAS), ul. Akademika Vonsovskogo, 15, Ekaterinburg, 620016, Russian Federation