Growing the planting material of juzgun leafless in the Astrakhan region

Abstract

. In the Astrakhan region, land desertification occurs mainly in the form of deflation and salinization. This process is characterized by the degradation of the vegetation cover, the development of erosion processes and the growth of open sand areas. It is possible to stop the desertification of territories by creating forest protection belts and phytomelioration of degraded phytocenoses. As part of scientific work at the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "PAFSC RAS" in the period from 2019 to 2021 research was carried out on the cultivation of planting material juzgun of various phenotypes, for use in phytomelioration of arid pastures. As part of the experiment, a leafless dzhugun shrub of various phenotypes (Astrakhan and Kazakh) was sown on planting material under rainfed and irrigated conditions. When growing seedlings on irrigation, the method of drip irrigation was used. According to the results of the study, the following was revealed: the germination of seeds of leafless juzgun on a rainfed land was higher than on irrigation by 1.3-9.9%. The germination of seeds of the Astrakhan phenotype turned out to be 2.5 times better than the Kazakh one on a rainfed land, and on irrigation, the seeds of the Kazakh phenotype had single shoots. The height of plants by the end of the growing season on irrigation exceeded the rainfed variant by 0.35-0.85 m. At the end of the growing season (September-November), depending on the amount of soil moisture (50-60% of HB), after autumn rains, all planting material was planted on arid natural pastures. Seedlings grown on rainfed crops had a survival rate of 37.7 - 49.6%, and on irrigation - 43.4-45.4%.