Grouping, Spectrum-Effect Relationship and Antioxidant Compounds of Chinese Propolis from Different Regions Using Multivariate Analyses and Off-Line Anti-DPPH Assay.

Xiasen Jiang,Chunguang Li,George Q Li,Cuiping Zhang,Linchen Tao,Mengmeng You,Fuliang Hu

doi:10.3390/molecules25143243

Xiasen Jiang, Chunguang Li + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143243

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Abstract

49 samples of propolis from different regions in China were collected and analyzed for their chemical compositions, contents of total flavonoids (TFC), total phenolic acid (TPC) and antioxidant activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified 15 common components, including key marker compounds pinocembrin, 3-O-acetylpinobanksin, galangin, chrysin, benzyl p-coumarate, pinobanksin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). Cluster analysis (CA) and correlation coefficients (CC) analysis showed that these propolis could be divided into three distinct groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) revealed that the contents of isoferulic acid, caffeic acid, CAPE, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, chrysin and apigenin are closely related to the antioxidant properties of propolis. In addition, eight peak areas decreased after reacting with 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, indicating that these compounds have antioxidant activity. The results indicate that the grouping and spectrum–effect relationship of Chinese propolis are related to their chemical compositions, and several compounds may serve as a better marker for the antioxidant activity of Chinese propolis than TFC and TPC. The findings may help to develop better methods to evaluate the quality of propolis from different geographic origins.

Highlights

Propolis is a biologically active natural product produced by honeybees collecting substances from parts of plants, buds and exudates [1]
49 propolis samples collected from different regions in China were studied for their chemical profiles, antioxidant activity and spectrum–effect relationship
The results showed that the Chinese propolis could be divided into three different types according to the similarity of their High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Summary

Introduction

Propolis is a biologically active natural product produced by honeybees collecting substances from parts of plants, buds and exudates [1]. Propolis has a complex composition, with more than 500 compounds having been identified within it [3,4]. Many factors such as plant origin, geographic location and seasonality can influence the chemical composition of propolis by affecting plant bud exudates [5,6,7]. It is known that bees collect resin from more than 16 plant families, the Populus family, with at least seven different. Populus species having proven to be plant sources of propolis [6]. Previous studies indicate that the main plant sources of Chinese propolis are Populus species [8,9].

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