Groundwater quality assessment for sustainable drinking purpose in some blocks of district Ludhiana

Abstract

The Groundwater is the purest form of water which is available for drinking and irrigation purpose. Groundwater quality varies depending on a variety of factors such as the geology of a certain location, the depth of the water table, the composition of dissolved salts, seasonal fluctuations, and so on. The dumping of untreated industrial effluents straight into rivers and streams is the primary cause of water pollution, resulting in significant levels of pollution in both surface and groundwater. People are more susceptible to stomach and digestive system disorders, such as skin problems, nail problems, diarrhea with fever, and dysentery, as a result of dirty water used for drinking and irrigation. Groundwater is becoming more vital for social and economic activity as the human population grows rapidly. Samples were collected from the areas of Ludhiana district to evaluate the groundwater quality. In this study it is found that the groundwater was contaminated with microorganisms. In some areas the total dissolved solids (TDS), Total Hardness and Total Alkalinity were higher than the permissible level (IS 10500:2012). The concentration of Chloride is below the desirable limits. Also in most of the areas the magnesium concentration is below the Desirable limits. Anthropogenic activities, agricultural activities, and leaching may all contribute to higher Alkalinity and total hardness values in these locations.