Abstract
The study was conducted to access the ground water level fluctuation and impacts on irrigation cost of Jessore sadar and Jhikargacha upazilla. Questionnaire survey and Key Information Interview (KII) were done to collect primary data from local farmers, pump operator, DAE officials and personnel from BADC. The secondary data were collected from BADC. From study area it was found that the Maximum ground water level varies 5.1 to 9.35m at the month of April to May where minimum ground water level varies 1.15 to 4.88m at October to November from 2004 to 2013. The trends of maximum fluctuation level increased 5.65 to 9.35m and 5.1 to 8.36m at Jessore sadar and Jhikargacha respectively, in April 2004 to April 2013. From the study it was also found that ground water level fluctuation mostly affect the STW irrigation where 100% of STW at the study area have faced pump failure and for the remedial measure 100% taken measure to deep set method. Pumping hour for both STW and DTW has increased in 2013 than 2009. It was found 99% of the respondents were aware of lowering of ground water level in their agriculture fields, 85% of farmers complained that they did not get enough water during the dry season irrigation period. Over 95% of the respondents were well aware about excessive pumping. Most important thing was that 95% of the respondents replied that they didn’t get training for irrigation and have not enough knowledge for irrigation efficiency and the crop water use. To obtain desired economic benefits from groundwater resource, the management of ground water is essential.
Highlights
Groundwater is the main source of irrigation which is an important parameter to increase crops production
Semi structured questionnaire survey used to assess the impacts underline the ground water fluctuation on irrigation system, costing of irrigation, farmers concept on ground water fluctuation and the problems faced in this regards, their thinking to reasons behind the ground water fluctuation, crop diversification, production etc
Irrigation practice in the study area is mostly from ground water source, a greater portion of which is being abstracted through STWs Shahid [11] and Shahid and Behrawan [12] stated that the contribution of ground water has increased from 41% in 1982-83 to 77% in 2006-07and surface water has declined
Summary
Groundwater is the main source of irrigation which is an important parameter to increase crops production. Hossain [9] reported that hundreds of shallow and hand tube wells become inoperative due to over exploitation of groundwater, lack of adequate groundwater recharge during wet season and low specific yield of upper aquifers. This situation can be exacerbated by 2030 when water demand will be doubled due to expected increase in dry season agriculture. It is needed to conduct location specific comprehensive study for realistic assessment of ground reserves and their use at present condition For this purpose a study was conducted to assess the ground water level fluctuation and impacts on irrigation cost for planning groundwater resource in this area.
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