Abstract
In the present research, we investigated the conceivable outcomes of using ground tire rubber (GTR) particle polymeric blends. Special methods of restoring tires that are no longer in use include GTR retreading, GTR blending destined for recycling to attain raw substances utilized in other industrial application production processes, and the valorization of GTR for power/energy generation. The recycling of end-of-life tires enables the recovery of rubber, steel, and fibers, all of which are valid on the market as raw materials to be used for other processes. There are methods to recycle GTRs in a clean and environmentally friendly way. In the present research, several industrial applications of GTR polymer blends were developed and compared with standard values from the Spanish Association for Standardization (UNE) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). In order to analyze the viability in many of the industrial applications selected, certain compounds obtained from the GTR polymer blends were analyzed regarding their use in nine low requirement insulator applications. The research and analysis developed in this manuscript used standard values from the UNE and IEC, and these standard values were compared with the test values. The obtained results were used to provide an application list that could be helpful for industrial applications. In this research, the pre-owned polymers were as follows: polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene (ABS), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyamide (PA). The filler used was GTR with particle sizes lower than 200 microns. The amounts of GTR particles in the compound materials were 0% (raw polymer), 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, and 70% (the latter being found in polymeric blends). We discovered six plausible modern applications of GTR polymer blends as indicated by the UNE and IEC standards.
Highlights
Rubber waste is an extreme problem, mainly because rubber biodegradation requires a long duration and has dangerous environmental effects
The polymers used in this study were: polyvinyl chloride (PVC); high-density polyethylene (HDPE); ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer (18% of vinyl acetate and 82% ethylene); polypropylene (PP); acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene (ABS), which is composed of 30% acrylonitrile, 20% butadiene, and 50% styrene; polyamide 6 (PA 6), known as nylon 6; polystyrene (PS)
We found that the analyzed blends behaved, in general, as good electrical insulators; they were accepted as good electrical insulators for low contents of ground tire rubber (GTR) (5–10%)
Summary
Rubber waste is an extreme problem, mainly because rubber biodegradation requires a long duration and has dangerous environmental effects. The manufacturing of ground tire rubber (GTR) polymer blends consumes a large amount of waste tires [18,19]. Different research groups have found that blends of GTR and thermoplastic polymers are materials with very interesting features, such as a low cost, high sustainability, and easy preparation considering that no prior treatment is required [21,22,23]. The IEC is the world’s leading organization for the preparation and publication of international standards for all electrical and electronic technologies These two standards (the UNE and IEC) will be used to compare the values of specific industrial electrical applications with the dielectric and mechanical values obtained from experimental procedures for compounds of different thermoplastic GTR blends with particle sizes of less than 200 μm. The electrical criterion defines the conductivity, loss tangent, and resistivity of properties that are required
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