Abstract
The strengthening of electric energy security and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions have gained enormous momentum in previous decades. The integration of large-scale intermittent renewable energy resources (RER) like wind energy into the existing electricity grids has increased significantly in the last decade. However, this integration poses many operational and control challenges that hamper the reliable and stable operation of the grids. This article aims to review the reported challenges caused by the integration of wind energy and the proposed solutions methodologies. Among the various challenges, the generation uncertainty, power quality issues, angular and voltage stability, reactive power support, and fault ride-through capability are reviewed and discussed. Besides, socioeconomic, environmental, and electricity market challenges due to the grid integration of wind power are also investigated. Many of the solutions used and proposed to mitigate the impact of these challenges, such as energy storage systems, wind energy policy, and grid codes, are also reviewed and discussed. This paper will assist the enthusiastic readers in seeing the full picture of wind energy integration challenges. It also puts in the hands of policymakers all aspects of the challenges so that they can adopt sustainable policies that support and overcome the difficulties facing the integration of wind energy into electricity grids.
Highlights
Wind power generation is continually evolving globally and has become an essential component in the operation of the grid in most of the countries that invested in this field heavily
Alam et al [139] developed a non-superconducting bridge-type fault current limiter (BFCL) to augment the fault ride-through capability of a DFIG wind power system and showed that the control strategy outperformed over the series dynamic braking resistor based strategy
This article reviewed and discussed challenges of wind energy integration into the electricity grids and shed lights on the available solution methodologies. It focused on wind energy intermittency, reactive power support, voltage and frequency stability, power quality issues, fault ride-through capability, protection, cyber security, electricity market, planning, socio-economic, and environmental challenges
Summary
Wind power generation is continually evolving globally and has become an essential component in the operation of the grid in most of the countries that invested in this field heavily. In offshore wind turbines that are far from the transmission lines, it is preferable to use the HVDC to avoid losses and supply instability This continuous growth and penetration must be matched by tools and information that help operators to manage the grid with resiliency and reliability. Based on the mentioned notes, a handsome amount of researches and reviews have been emerged since the beginning of the integration of wind generation into the grid to address the challenges. The reader can see the full picture of this topic It puts in the hands of policymakers all aspects of the challenges so that they can adopt better and sustainable policies that support and overcome the difficulties facing the integration of wind power into the electric networks.
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