Greenness estimation of chromatographic assay for the determination of anthracycline-based antitumor drug in bacterial ghost matrix of Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract

The determination of an anthracycline-based antitumor drug, doxorubicin (DOX), in the bacterial ghost (BG) matrix of Salmonella typhimurium and commercial injectable dosage form was performed using a rapid, sensitive, and environmentally greener “high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)” assay. DOX was determined chromatographically on a Nucleodur (150 mm × 4.6 mm) RP C18 column with a particle size of 5 μm. The greener solvent system consisted of ethanol, methanol, and acetic acid (50:49:1 percent v/v/v), which was delivered with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. DOX was detected at a wavelength of 480 nm. With a determination coefficient value of 0.9992, the suggested HPLC assay was linear in the range of 1–100 μg/mL. In addition, the suggested HPLC assay for DOX analysis was rapid (Rt = 2.19 min), accurate (percent recoveries = 98.12–101.55), precise (percent CV = 0.87–1.97), and sensitive. The applicability of suggested HPLC technique was demonstrated by measuring DOX in S. typhimurium BG matrix and commercial injectable dosage form. DOX recovery in commercial injectable dosage form was calculated to be 101.02 percent. The amount of DOX in BG matrix was determined to be 48.51 μg/mL. Using the AGREE metric technique, the overall analytical GREEnness (AGREE) score for the proposed HPLC assay was calculated to be 0.79, indicating an outstanding greenness profile. These findings suggested that the proposed HPLC assay might be used to analyze DOX in BG matrices and commercial dosage forms on a regular basis.