Abstract
Low carbon city development and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation in urban communities are urgent. There is great potential to improve the GHG inventory at the community level. Meanwhile, building zero-waste cities and improving waste treatment efficiency have been significant environmental issues due to the rapid increase of waste generation. This research aims to develop a community-scale GHG emission inventory of the waste sector and improve its accuracy and consistency through applying the bottom-up approach. This study covers both direct and indirect emissions categories of the waste sector with the goal of building a zero-waste community. Honjo Waseda community, located in Japan, was used as a case study community. Energy consumption waste treatment sectors were evaluated and calculated through first-hand field data. GHG emission estimation of the waste sector included waste incineration, residential wastewater, and waste transport. The highest emissions originated from Beisiagate supermarket due to the large waste amount produced, and the CO2-biomass carbon emissions reached approximately 50% of the total emissions. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the implementation of new technologies was also conducted. This study created proposals for GHG emission reduction toward a zero-waste community through the comparison of three cases. Case 1 was business as usual; Case 2 proposed a combination of incineration bio-gasification (MBT); Case 3 introduced a combination of solid recovered fuel (SRF) and a bio-gasification system. SRF contributed the most to emission reduction, and Case 3 exhibited the highest energy recovery. Furthermore, comparing the GHG emissions produced by the use of SRF for power generation and heat supply revealed that using SRF as a heat supply reduced more GHG emissions than using SRF for power generation.
Highlights
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [1], emission reduction at the city level is an inevitable requirement to ensure that greenhouse gas (GHG) are reduced to national target levels [2]
It was found that the CO2 -biomass carbon natural and CO2 -non-biomass occupied around 49.4%, including food waste, paper, and wood, while CH4 and N2 O
In order to reduce GHG emissions generated by incineration and achieve zero-waste for building low carbon cities, this study proposed three cases for comparison and provided an overview of the current situation of Municipal SolidWaste (MSW) and food waste treatment in Honjo Waseda community
Summary
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [1], emission reduction at the city level is an inevitable requirement to ensure that GHG are reduced to national target levels [2]. A city-level GHG emission inventory of waste sector should possess the following features: (1) it must facilitate the development of appropriate global warming mitigation recommendations and enable urban planning involving efficient urban supply chains and low-carbon civil construction at the governmental level [7,8]; (2) it must support city designers in determining GHG emission sources and analyzing the accurate proportion of city emissions [9]; (3) it must be replicable and adaptable to different data sets [10]; (4) it must be timely in its approach through the application of the latest activity data and avoid double counting, ensuring data source consistency [11]. Most community-level inventories are limited by data availability and reporting consistency [2]
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