Green Transmission Technologies and Network Protocols

Abstract

Nowadays, the consumption of energy in wireless communication systems is a very attractive research area and numerous research communities worldwide are suggesting solutions for the so-called green transmission technologies, i.e., energy-efficient communication systems. Due to limited battery time of communicating nodes, energy efficiency (EE) will be a vital design detail in green networking, since substantial power is consumed by the network interface. This emphasizes the need to consider a low-power design for the complete network protocol stack of the green communication system in order to improve EE. In the design of a next generation green wireless communication system, the main considerations are enhanced data rate, less energy consumption, interference free transmission, low radiation effect, extended capacity, and promised quality of services (QoS). To encounter these requirements, green network EE strategies should be applying with exciting changes in existing wireless network design. In this direction, this work contributes a state of art for current green communication networking technologies addressing low-power design and EE within all layers of the communication system protocol stack. First, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based multi-tier green network architecture for next generation networks (5G and beyond) has been recommended. Then, we summarize the EE metrics used in various green technologies such as cognitive radio networks, ultra-dense networks, femtocells, massive MIMO etc. for performance evaluation. We finally describe some major challenges dedicated to this topic.