Abstract
This research aimed to enhance the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from silver nitrate (AgNO3) using aloe vera extract. It was performed by means of incorporating AgNPs on an activated carbon nanoparticle (ACNPs) under ultrasonic agitation (40 kHz, 2 × 50 watt) for 30 min in an aqueous colloidal medium. The successful AgNPs synthesis was clarified with both Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometers. The successful AgNPs–ACNPs incorporation and its particle size analysis was performed using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The brown color suspension generation and UV-Vis’s spectra maximum wavelength at around 480 nm confirmed the existence of AgNPs. The particle sizes of the produced AgNPs were about 5 to 10 nm in the majority number, which collectively surrounded the aloe vera extract secondary metabolites formed core-shell like nanostructure of 8.20 ± 2.05 nm in average size, while ACNPs themselves were about 20.10 ± 1.52 nm in average size formed particles cluster, and 48.00 ± 8.37 nm in average size as stacking of other particles. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs and AgNPs-immobilized ACNPs was 57.58% and 63.64%, respectively (for E. coli); 61.25%, and 93.49%, respectively (for S. aureus). In addition, when the AgNPs-immobilized ACNPs material was coated on the cotton and polyester fabrics, the antibacterial activity of the materials changed, becoming 19.23% (cotton; E. coli), 31.73% (polyester; E. coli), 13.36% (cotton; S. aureus), 21.15% (polyester; S. aureus).
Highlights
It has been widely known that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have functional antibacterial properties towards wide spectrum ones from Gram-positive up to Gram-negative bacteria with low risk for human health [1,2,3]
This paper comprehensively describes the results of the investigation of the role of activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) in enhancing the antibacterial activity of agent of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) towards
This section was conducted to evaluate whether the enhanced antibacterial properties of AgNPs, namely AgNPs-immobilized ACNPs materials, could be utilized significantly to change the basic properties of polyester and cotton fabrics from non-antibacterial to be antibacterial in properties
Summary
It has been widely known that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have functional antibacterial properties towards wide spectrum ones from Gram-positive up to Gram-negative bacteria with low risk for human health [1,2,3]. It has been widely known that both pathogenic bacteria of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the representatives of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively, are commonly present ubiquitously in various natural environment bodies such as soil, wastewater, and air [12,13] Due to these media frequently being in contact with humans, the bacteria can reach the human body and subsequently generate many infectious and various diseases. To avoid this dangerous threat, one can use an enhanced high effective antibacterial agent of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via preemptive strategy using activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) coated on human clothing materials such as cotton and polyester fabrics. E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, especially when it was superimposed onto the cotton and polyester fabrics
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