Abstract
One of the dangerous pathogens that display high resistance to antibiotics is Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), which infects humans and animals. In this study, a new approach was proposed to fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with adding the phage ZCSE6. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by analysis of spectroscopy profile of the UV–Vis, visualize the morphology, and size with transmission electron microscopy. Both minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed. In addition, the AgNPs were able to control the biofilm formation of S. enterica, also, heavy metals detection by AgNPs and their application in milk. UV–Vis spectra showed a surface resonance peak of 400 and 430 nm corresponding to the formation of AgNPs capping with Ocimum basilicum L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L., respectively. The MIC and MBC values were 6.25 µg/ml to inhibit the growth of S. enterica and 12.5 µg/ml from killing the bacteria and it was decreased to 1.5 µg/ml when combined with the phage. In the present study, AgNPs were combined with phage ZCSE6 to obtain a synergetic antimicrobial activity. Moreover, it increases the milk’s shelf-life and senses the Cd2+ at a concentration of 1 mM in the water.Graphical
Highlights
The development of new and effective antimicrobials to combat diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria has sparked attention in recent decades due to the growing resistance rate among pathogenic bacteria
The aim of this study is to illustrate the synergetic effect against the S. enterica combined with antibiotic-resistant bacteria by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coating with Ocimum basilicum L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and phage ZCSE6
Our results revealed that AgNPs cause no curdling as they have a significant inhibitory effect against lactic acid bacteria which agreed with some studies which figured out that nanoparticles have an antibacterial effect against Grampositive bacteria, including (S. aureus, B. cereus, L. casei, L. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, and L. lactis) [67]
Summary
The development of new and effective antimicrobials to combat diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria has sparked attention in recent decades due to the growing resistance rate among pathogenic bacteria. One of the highly spreading pathogens in humans and other living organisms is Salmonella which causes many diseases and money loss. One of the most known diseases caused by Salmonella is Typhoid disease, which was involved in many death cases and an epidemic in the past [2]. Non-typhoid Salmonella servers (NTS) are associated with several immune diseases in humans like HIV [3]. Salmonella can infect humans through contaminated plants and poultry since they are the main hosts as a foodborne pathogen [4]. Antibiotics are still used as the main treatment. One of the most known antibiotic-resistant strains is the multidrug-resistant (MRD) Salmonella which is prevalent and widely transmitted from different food sources to humans as a foodborne disease [6]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
