Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for their antifungal activity against anthracnose disease causing Colletotrichumcapsici

Abstract

Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici, is a major fungal issue in chilies (Capsicum annuum L.) worldwide, leading to a reduction in global production. It can be controlled by using synthetic fungicides, but these fungicides can hamper the environmental and ecological balance. As a result, alternative approaches are needed to control this important fungal disease. In this study, economically feasible silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were manufactured and demonstrated antifungal activity against anthracnose disease causing Colletotrichum capsici. AgNPs were synthesized from Colchicum luteum leaf extract. Physico-chemical characterization confirmed the synthesis, average size, and shape of AgNPs. The AgNPs were spherical in shape, with an average size of 11.75 nm. The isolated fungal pathogen causing anthracnose in chili was identified as C. capsici. The antifungal activity of AgNPs, AgNO3, and a fungicide was evaluated, with AgNPs showing the strongest inhibitory impact on the mycelial growth of C. capsici. In an in vitro leaflet assay, AgNPs demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting fungal proliferation on chili leaves. The results highlight the ability of AgNPs as antifungal agents against C. capsici, surpassing the effectiveness of both AgNO3 and conventional fungicide treatments. These findings advocate for continued investigation into the practical application of AgNPs as a promising alternative strategy for managing fungal diseases in agricultural settings.