Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Their Utilization as Potential Vehicles for Targeted Cancer Drug Delivery

Abstract

A nanoparticle (NP) is a microscopic particle with a length of two or three dimensions greater than 0.001 micrometer (1 nanometer =10⁻⁹ metre). NPs may be classified into different classes based on their specific properties, shapes or sizes, and high surface area-to-volume ratio. Nanoparticles have a remarkable capacity as 'magic bullets' stacked with herbicides, fungicides, supplements, fertilizers or nucleic acids, specializing in expressing plant tissues to deliver their charge to the appropriate piece of the plant to perform desired outcomes. The smart design and synthesis of a library of nanomaterials, exact control over their physicochemical properties and simplicity of their surface functionalization to assemble explicitness is to be certain fundamental for the achievement of disease treatment and harmfulness in the biological systems. Green techniques for nanomaterial synthesis observe natural organic systems to nanomaterial production. Green synthesized nanomaterials are at present powerful and significant tools for protecting the drug from the dangerous surroundings in addition to overcoming the organic obstacles to access of the drug in targeted tissues and dealing with drug resistance. NPs were extensively utilized in numerous biomedical applications, site-specific drug delivery systems and cellular uptake because of their inert nature, stability, high dispersity, non-cytotoxicity, and biocompatibility. Nanoparticles may be programmed for recognizing the cancerous cells and giving selective and correct drug delivery avoiding interaction with the healthy cells. However, usage of those NPs is restrained through factors like lack of stability in adversarial environment, concerns regarding bioaccumulation and toxicity, need of relatively trained employees for device assembly and operation, and problems with reproducibility and affordability.