Abstract
Increased request for metal and metal oxide nanoparticles nanoparticles has led to their large-scale production using high-energy methods with various toxic solvents. This cause environmental contamination, thus eco-friendly “green” synthesis methods has become necessary. An alternative way to synthesize metal nanoparticles includes using bioresources, such as plants and plant products, bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, etc. “Green” synthesis has low toxicity, is safe for human health and environment compared to other methods, meaning it is the best approach for obtaining metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. This review reveals 12 principles of “green” chemistry and examples of biological components suitable for “green” synthesis, as well as modern scientific research of eco-friendly synthesis methods of magnetic and metal nanoparticles. Particularly, using extracts of green tea, fruits, roots, leaves, etc., to obtain Fe3O4 NPs. The various precursors as egg white (albumen), leaf and fruit extracts, etc., can be used for the „green” synthesis of spinel magnetic NPs. “Green” nanoparticles are being widely used as antimicrobials, photocatalysts and adsorbents. “Green” magnetic nanoparticles demonstrate low toxicity and high biocompatibility, which allows for their biomedical application, especially for targeted drug delivery, contrast imaging and magnetic hyperthermia applications. The synthesis of silver, gold, platinum and palladium nanoparticles using extracts from fungi, red algae, fruits, etc., has been described.
Highlights
Nowadays, a new page is turning in the history of chemistry, connected with the development of a new integrated scientific direction—”green” chemistry
The main disadvantage of this approach is the defects of the material surface, which can significantly affect the properties of metal nanoparticles [21]
The results indicate that the synthesized biogenic DMSA@Fe3 O4 nanorods could be used as promised adsorbent for the Pb(II) removal
Summary
A new page is turning in the history of chemistry, connected with the development of a new integrated scientific direction—”green” chemistry. The second, more promising, involves the development of new industrial processes to eliminate or minimize the formation and use of harmful products [1]. “Green” chemistry allows to obtain the necessary substance in the safest possible way It provides the selection of raw materials and process schemes, which generally exclude the use of harmful. New reaction schemes and processes have been developed, designed to drastically reduce the burden of chemical production on the environment, to minimize the processing and utilization of hazardous substances and harmful by-products [1]. [2] formulated 12 principles of “green” chemistry They recommend the tists, industrialists and government officialsofficials to directtotheir activities to reduceto or reduce eliminate scientists, industrialists and government direct their activities or the use of hazardous materials and chemical processes.
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