Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Macroptilium Lathyroides (L) leaf extract and their spectroscopic characterization, biological activity and photocatalytic dye degradation study

Abstract

Present study demonstrates the preparation of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO NPs) with novel plant of Macroptilium lathyroides (L) due to its low inexpensive, accessibility, functional benefits, and green strategy method. Various techniques such as UV–visible, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to characterize the CuO NPs. UV–Visible and FTIR analysis used to find the presence of bioactive molecules which are responsible for reduction and stabilization of CuO NPs. XRD results revealed the monoclinic structure of the synthesized CuO NPs. The SEM and TEM analysis were confirmed that the average crystallite size was 18.9 nm. Furthermore, the photocatalytic capability of green synthesized CuO NPs were employed to investigate the Methylene Blue degradation under solar irradiation. The results of the present study reveal that MB degradation rate was about 98 % accomplished. In addition, biological applications such as antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, anticancer and antifungal behaviours were reported. Disc diffusion method was performed to test the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Further, antifungal activity studied against the fungal strains such as Candida Albicans and Trichoderma viride. Antifungal activity at higher concentration of CuO NPs reveal that Staphylococcus aureus showed maximum zone of inhibition about 14 mm, and Candida Albicans showed about 15 mm. MTT assay was carried to analyse the cytotoxicity and anticancer activity against VERO cell line and MCF 7 cell line for the synthesized CuO NPs. From the results, MCF 7 cell line with IC50 =71.02 show better activity against CuO NPs. Antioxidant activity of CuO NPs performed by DPPH method, with an IC50–86.96 µg/mL. In accordance with the results obtained, the synthesised CuO NPs proves to be an effective material in terms of bioremediation of domestic and industrial waste by killing pathogenic bacteria, breaking down of colourant and stimulating antifungal agents.