Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) using microalgal products as a plant growth stimulant and antifungal agent. The work was conducted with the phyco-synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4-NPs using 0.1 M ferric/ferrous chloride solution (2:1 ratio; 65 °C) with aqueous extract of the green microalga Chlorella K01. Protein, carbohydrate and polyphenol contents of Chlorella K01 extract were measured. The synthesized microalgal Fe3O4-NPs made a significant contribution to the germination and vigor index of rice, maize, mustard, green grams, and watermelons. Fe3O4-NPs also exhibited antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium tricinctum, Fusarium maniliforme, Rhizoctonia solani, and Phythium sp. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analysers (PSA), and zeta potential (ZP) measurements were used to characterize these green fabricated magnetite NPs. FTIR analysis showed that the synergy of microalgal proteins, carbohydrtates and polyphenols is responsible for the biofabrication of iron nanoparticles. A spheroid dispersion of biosynthesized Fe3O4-NPs with an average diameter of 76.5 nm was produced in the synthetic process.
Highlights
Effective nanomaterial-based fungicides for the control of some plant fungal d iseases[17]
Chlorella K01 was gifted by Professor Prezemyslaw Malec and Dr Jan Burczyk from Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
Iron oxide nanoparticles were successfully prepared using a green approach with microalgal extract in an alkaline medium. Fe3O4-NPs was created using a microalgal extract in a quick, cost-effective, and environmentally safe way[19]
Summary
Effective nanomaterial-based fungicides for the control of some plant fungal d iseases[17]. They have the potential to be widely used in agriculture as biocontrol agents to promote sustainable agriculture[18]. The environmentally green chemistry approach provides a clean, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly method of producing NPs with a wide range of size, morphology, component, and physical and chemical properties[19]. Metal oxide nanoparticles are stable and are considered to be safe for h umans[20]. The main purpose of this study was to synthesize iron (Fe) nanoparticles based on microalgae for agricultural purposes. Aqueous extracts of Chlorella K01 have been used to biosynthesize environmenta friendly plant growth stimulants and anti-fungal Fe nanoparticles ( Fe3O4-NPs)
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