Green fabrication and characterization of transition metal doped tin dioxide nanoparticles using Psidium guajava leaf extract

Abstract

The microwave-assisted green fabrication of tin dioxide (SnO2), iron (Fe)-doped tin dioxide (SFO), nickel (Ni)-doped tin dioxide (SNO) and cobalt (Co)-doped tin dioxide (SCO) nanoparticles (NPs) was illustrated employing Psidium guajava leaf extract (PGLE). The fabricated NPs were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD patterns of fabricated SnO2, SFO, SNO and SCO NPs show a rutile structure. FESEM study suggests that the fabricated NPs are spherical structure. The XPS scan validated the oxidation states of O (1s), Sn (3d), Fe (2p), Ni (2p) and Co (2p). In PL investigations, transition metals (Fe, Ni and Co)-doped SnO2 NPs enhance PL intensity compared with pure SnO2 NPs. PL spectroscopy shows that transition metals (Fe, Ni and Co)-doped SnO2 NPs enhance the PL intensity compared with pure SnO2 NPs. Employing Williamson-Hall (W-H) equations and W-H plotting method, the physical parameters of strain and stress are computed.