Abstract
In this paper we are describing a green cycle process. The first step was a novel hydrotalcite-like compound (HTLC) synthesized by a co-precipitating method, under standard ambient temperature and pressure, using chemical industry wastewater rich in divalent and trivalent cations, activated by a thermal treatment and finally characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The second step was a series of batch sorption tests performed with this activated HTLC and untreated underground sulfurous water from the state of Puebla, México. The HTLC calcined at 500°C/3 h exhibited the best sorption ability for ions, demonstrated a decrease of the hardness and sulfate ions to below the regional legal standards for drinking water. Once inactive after being used in water treatment, the sorbed ions were removed by ion exchange in a carbonate-containing solution, resulting in an 80% recycling of the material which upon activation demonstrated a retained capacity for water treatment. This recyclability suggests the exciting possibility of this novel compound as an efficient “green” technology in water treatment processes.
Highlights
Underground water in the State of Puebla, México is characterized by a slightly acidic pH (~6.5), high hardness (~1200 mg/L CaCO3) and the presence of sulfurous chemical species mainly as sulfate ions such as SO24 (~950 mg /L) and H2S (~8.0mg/L), which give the water an unpleasant odor and flavor
The calculated basal spacing and lattice parameters for HT3015D showed a basal spacing d003 of 7.68 Å and 7.36 Å for HT3015O, and are in agreement with the values reported in the literature indicating the formation of well-crystallized hydrotalcite-like compound (HTLC), the literature data have indicated that the basal d spacing of the (003) plane is dependent on the size of the guest anion in the inter layer
A novel HTLC synthesized by a co-precipitating method, under standard ambient temperature and pressure, using chemical industry wastewater rich in divalent and trivalent cations was performed
Summary
Underground water in the State of Puebla, México is characterized by a slightly acidic pH (~6.5), high hardness (~1200 mg/L CaCO3) and the presence of sulfurous chemical species mainly as sulfate ions such as SO24 (~950 mg /L) and H2S (~8.0mg/L), which give the water an unpleasant odor and flavor. LDH (Figure 1) consists of positively-charged brucitetype main sheets which forms an octahedron as a subunit of a layered structure of HT, where partial replacement of divalent M(II) with trivalent metal ion M(III) in the brucite-type structure results in an excess of positive charge, which is compensated in the HT structure by an n-valent anion (An−) and x can have values between 0.2 and 0.33 These anions such as carbonate, sulfate and hydroxide (which may be hydrated) can be introduced between the layers of the crystal structure. A further requirement was that the processes not involve expensive reagents or complicated synthesis steps allowing the HTLC to be produced in a cost-efficient manner This goal was achieved by taking advantage of a wastewater byproduct from a chemical industry, which has an excess of Mg2+ and Al3+ ions
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