Abstract
BackgroundDuring the last few decades, patients worldwide have been interested in using alternative medicine in treating diseases to avoid the increased side effects of chemical medications. Green coffee is unroasted coffee seeds that have higher amounts of chlorogenic acid compared to roasted coffee. Green coffee was successfully used to protect against obesity, Alzheimer disease, high blood pressure and bacterial infection.MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the probable protective activity of the green coffee methanolic extract, silymarin and their combination on CCl4-induced liver toxicity in male rats. Thirty Sprague – Dawley male albino rats were divided into 5 groups; control negative (G1) just got the vehicle (olive oil) and the other four groups received CCl4 dissolved in olive oil through an intraperitoneal injection and were divided into untreated control positive group (G2), the third group (G3) was treated with green coffee methanolic extract, the fourth group (G4) was treated with silymarin, and the fifth group (G5) was treated with a combination of green coffee methanolic extract and silymarin.ResultsIn the positive control group treated with CCl4 (G2), the CCl4-induced toxicity increased lipid peroxidation, IL-6, kidney function parameters, liver function enzymes, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins, and decreased irisin, antioxidants, CYP450 and high-density lipoprotein levels. Hepatic tissues were also injured. However, treating the injured rats in G3, G4 and G5 significantly improved the altered parameters and hepatic tissues.ConclusionsGreen coffee methanolic extract, silymarin, and their combination succeeded in protecting the male rats against CCl4 hepatotoxicity due to their antioxidant activity. Effect of green coffee methanolic extract mixed with silymarin in G5 was more efficient than that of green coffee methanolic extract in G3 or silymarin in G4.
Highlights
During the last few decades, patients worldwide have been interested in using alternative medicine in treating diseases to avoid the increased side effects of chemical medications
The combination of green coffee methanolic extract and silymarin in G5 was more efficient in reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidants compared to other groups (G3 and G4)
Our results showed that the antioxidative effect of green coffee methanolic extract accompanied by silymarin on enzymatic antioxidant systems was reflected by increased concentrations of antioxidants (TAC, GSH, GST, CAT and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and a decreased lipid peroxidation that may be ascribed to its richness in caffeine, which is considered as an important component of coffee
Summary
During the last few decades, patients worldwide have been interested in using alternative medicine in treating diseases to avoid the increased side effects of chemical medications. Liver diseases are mostly caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, excessive alcohol drinking and toxic chemicals that may harm liver cells principally by instigating oxidative damages or lipid peroxidation [2]. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is broadly used to induce liver damage in animal models for experimental purposes, since it is assorted as a hepatotoxin [4,5,6,7]. This chemical was successfully applied to rats [5,6,7,8], mice [9], and birds [10]. Antioxidants supplementation could be helpful in the treatment of its hepatotoxic effects
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