Green Clay and Aloe Vera Peel-Off Facial Masks: Response Surface Methodology Applied to the Formulation Design

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This article describes the optimization of a peel-off facial mask formulation. An investigation was carried out on the parameters of the formulation that most affect the desirable characteristics of peel-off facial masks. Cereal alcohol had a significant effect on the drying time at concentrations of 1-12% (w/w). The applicability of the evaluated formulations was influenced by both carbomer (0-2.4%; w/w) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA; 2.5-17.5%; w/w) content due to their ability to alter the formulation viscosity. Inverse concentrations of carbomer and PVA led to formulations with optimum viscosity for facial application. Film-forming performance was influenced only by the PVA concentration, achieving maximum levels at concentrations of around 11% (w/w). The optimized formulation, determined mathematically, contained 13% (w/w) PVA and 10% (w/w) cereal alcohol with no addition of carbomer. This formulation provided high levels of applicability and film-forming performance, the lowest drying time possible and excellent homogeneity of the green clay particles and aloe vera before and after drying. The preliminary stability study indicated that the optimized formulation is stable under normal storage conditions. The microbiological stability evaluation indicated that the preservative was efficient in terms of avoiding microbial growth. RSM was shown to be a useful statistical tool for the determination of the behavior of different compounds and their concentrations for the responses studied, allowing the investigation of the optimum conditions for the production of green clay and aloe vera peel-off facial masks.