Green chemistry inspired formation of bioactive stable colloidal nanosilver and its wide-spectrum functionalised properties for sustainable industrial escalation

Abstract

Due to the existence of wide scale and diverse physical, chemical and biological properties colloidal silver nanoparticles has gained versatile application in various fields of engineering and bio-medical science. The conventional way for fulfilling the global industrial demand of nanoparticle based silver products was its production through physical and chemical technology. In the last decade ecologist and environmentalist has continuously reported the hazardous impact of physical and chemical technology of nanoparticle synthesis over various ecosystem including rise in environmental pollution level. Despite of toxic effect, one cannot neglect the growing demand of nanosilver based lifestyle goods. Adaptation of green technology for synthesizing nanoparticles was the most convenient environmental friendly strategy as it is comparatively less toxic or non-toxic and eco-friendly to the living world. Beside this application of green synthesized silver nanoparticles within optimum dose are reported to have no harmful effect to the environment, as it contains different phyto-extract as capping and reducing agent. Toxicity level can also be controlled by process variation and characterization of green synthesized nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticle synthesized by green technology are continuously been used in horticultural industry, food packing industry, in the manufacture of sports goods, garment industry, cosmetic industry, medical and pharmaceutical industry. The current review deals with gradual transitional shift in synthesis of nanosilver from toxic physical and chemical method towards eco-friendly cost effective green synthesis methods using biological resources. The review contains detail literature investigation of silver nanoparticle “one of the most commercially exploded metallic nanoparticles”- its mode of synthesis; its gradual transformation towards eco-friendly synthesis approach; characterization and process optimization for better bio-activity along with its industrial application and commercial utilization.