Abstract
In Europe, pine forests are one of the most extended forests formations, making pine residues and by-products an important source of compounds with high industrial interest as well as for bioenergy production. Moreover, the valorization of lumber industry residues is desirable from a circular economy perspective. Different extraction methods and solvents have been used, resulting in extracts with different constituents and consequently with different bioactivities. Recently, emerging and green technologies as ultrasounds, microwaves, supercritical fluids, pressurized liquids, and electric fields have appeared as promising tools for bioactive compounds extraction in alignment with the Green Chemistry principles. Pine extracts have attracted the researchers’ attention because of the positive bioproperties, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-neurodegenerative, antitumoral, cardioprotective, etc., and potential industrial applications as functional foods, food additives as preservatives, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Phenolic compounds are responsible for many of these bioactivities. However, there is not much information in the literature about the individual phenolic compounds of extracts from the pine species. The present review is about the reutilization of residues and by-products from the pine species, using ecofriendly technologies to obtain added-value bioactive compounds for industrial applications.
Highlights
Agroforestry industries are an important part of the manufacturing industry, and their growth can help to achieve the objectives of European Union (EU) industrial policy, acting in different strategic areas, such as increasing energy efficiency, deploying renewable sources, circular economy, bioeconomy, and natural carbon sinks [1,2]
The use of different plant by-products as sources of materials, biofuels, energy, and bioactive compounds has come to be explored following the concept of biorefinery, contributing to a circular economy [6]
The present review focuses on the appreciation of different green extraction strategies related to the recovery of high added-value compounds from pine by-products, their potential bioactivities, and possible industrial applications
Summary
Agroforestry industries are an important part of the manufacturing industry, and their growth can help to achieve the objectives of European Union (EU) industrial policy, acting in different strategic areas, such as increasing energy efficiency, deploying renewable sources, circular economy, bioeconomy, and natural carbon sinks [1,2]. Molecules 2020, 25, 2931 of effective/intensified processes and application of green technologies to obtain sustainable, ecological, safe and high-quality products has become a reality [7,8] This idea is in close association with the principles governing the concept of green chemistry, which are mainly aimed at reducing wastes and promoting a more efficient use of energy and resources [9]. The decrease in the use of “non-recyclable” fossil derivatives and the increase in the use of biowastes and by-products is in the sights of the EU and the world, contributing to the reduction of the negative impact of processes in the environment and the fight against climate changes [2] In this sense, the use of different plant by-products as sources of materials, biofuels, energy, and bioactive compounds has come to be explored following the concept of biorefinery, contributing to a circular economy [6]. The present review focuses on the appreciation of different green extraction strategies related to the recovery of high added-value compounds (such as polyphenols) from pine by-products, their potential bioactivities, and possible industrial applications
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