Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a new group of ecofriendly solvent combined with the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) technique, were first successfully used for extraction of resveratrol from peanut roots. Resveratrol in the extract was analyzed and quantified using a HPLC-UV method. A series of DESs consisting of choline chloride (ChCl) and 1,4-butanediol, citric acid, and ethylene glycol were formulated, finding ChCl/1,4-butanediol was a most proper extraction system. The optimal extraction parameters were obtained using a Box–Behnken design (BBD) test combined with response surface methodology as follows: 40% of water in ChCl/1,4-butanediol (1/3, g/g) at 55°C for 40 min and solid/liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL. The total extraction content and extraction yield of resveratrol from peanut roots could reach 38.91 mg/kg and 88.19%, respectively, under such optimal conditions. The present study will provide a typical example for using DESs to extract natural bioactive compounds from plants.
Highlights
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.) belongs to the family of Rosales and is widely cultivated around the world as an important economical crop. is species is capable of producing stilbene derivatives, including resveratrol (3,5,4′trihydroxy-stilbene) and other stilbenoids [1]
Choline chloride/1,4-butanediol molar ratio chloride/1,4-butanediol molar ratio of 1 : 3. Further increasing of the proportion of 1,4-butanediol (>1 : 3) would cause the decline of resveratrol content (1 : 4, 24.76 ± 0.47 mg/kg, and 1 : 5, 25.21 ± 0.30 mg/kg). e increase of the 1,4-butanediol molar ratio in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) would result in the viscosity of DES decreasing and the polarity increasing, which might affect the effectiveness of mass transport and diffusion of resveratrol from peanut roots [28,29,30]. erefore, the choline chloride (ChCl)/1,4-butanediol molar ratio of 1 : 3 was selected for the experiments
Effect of Water Content in DESs on Resveratrol Extraction. e high viscosity of DESs hinders the mass transport from plant matrices to solution and leads to handling difficulties. Polarity is another important property of DESs since it affects the solubilizing ability of DESs. e addition of water to DES can decrease the viscosity of the DESs, adjust the polarity, and increase the solubility of the target compounds
Summary
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.) belongs to the family of Rosales and is widely cultivated around the world as an important economical crop. is species is capable of producing stilbene derivatives, including resveratrol (3,5,4′trihydroxy-stilbene) and other stilbenoids [1]. Resveratrol has attracted tremendous interest ascribing to its strong biological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardiovascular protection, and cardioprotection functions [2,3,4] It has been widely used as an active ingredient in cosmetic, medicine, and health products. Extraction of resveratrol from peanut roots should be based on green and sustainable technology Organic solvents, such as alcohols and acetone, are widely used in extraction of bioactive components from natural products resources in the fields of cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries [9, 10]. Erefore, the green extraction by using the new and environmentally friendly solvents was needed urgently [11]. DESs have been applied in the extraction of a wide variety of natural compounds including phenolic compounds [19, 20], flavonoids [21, 22], sugars [23], and proteins [24, 25]
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