“Gray” BCS Condensate of Excitons and Internal Josephson Effect

Abstract

It has been recently suggested that the Bose-Einstein condensate formed by excitons in the dilute limit must be dark, i.e., not coupled to photons. Here, we show that, under a density increase, the dark exciton condensate must acquire a bright component due to carrier exchange in which dark excitons turn bright. This, however, requires a density larger than a threshold which seems to fall in the forbidden region of the phase separation between a dilute exciton gas and a dense electron-hole plasma. The BCS-like condensation which is likely to take place on the dense side, must then have a dark and a bright component--which makes it "gray." It should be possible to induce an internal Josephson effect between these two coherent components, with oscillations of the photoluminescence as a strong proof of the existence for this "gray" BCS-like exciton condensate.