Abstract
In many particle physics models, domain walls can form during the phase transition process after the breakdown of the discrete symmetry. Utilizing the ℤ3 symmetric complex singlet scalar extension of the Standard Model, we study the gravitational waves produced by the strongly first-order electroweak phase transition and the domain wall decay. The gravitational wave spectrum is of a typical two-peak shape. The high frequency peak corresponding to the strongly first-order electroweak phase transition is able to be probed by the future space-based interferometers, and the low frequency peak coming from the domain wall decay is far beyond the capability of the current Pulsar Timing Arrays, and future Square Kilometer Array.
Highlights
Scalar extended Standard Model with a Z3 symmetry, which is well motivated for the dark matter and neutrino physics [19,20,21,22,23]
We study the possibility to probe the gravitational wave from the domain wall decay at the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA [28]), the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA [29]), the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA [30]), and the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) [31]
With the Z3 symmetric complex singlet scalar model, we study the possibility to achieve a one-step strongly first-order EWPT after considering the baryon number preservation criterion
Summary
+ μ√3 s3 − 3√μ3 sχ2 + μ2H h2 + μ2s s2 + μ2s χ2. 3 4 2 μ3vs. Introducing the rotation matrix R = ((cos θ, sin θ), (− sin θ, cos θ)), and rotating into the mass basis through h1 = cos θ − sin θ h2 sin θ cos θ h, s (2.7). We consider h1 = hSM , and mh2 > mh. After breakdown of the electroweak symmetry together with the Z3 symmetry, the S → S† is equivalent to χ → −χ. [25, 26], we do not consider χ as dark matter in this work. The mass of the pseudo-Goldstone χ is given by, m2χ. Requiring the electroweak symmetry together with the Z3 symmetry broken vacuum being the global minimum, one has. The relation among the interaction couplings, Higgs masses, VEVs, and mixing angle θ are: λH m21
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call