Grassland Birds of Brazilian Cerrado: Population Trends and Conservation Challenges

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Grassland ecosystems, characterized by open landscapes dominated by grasses, encompass diverse formations influenced by geological, climatic, and anthropogenic factors. These environments play a pivotal role in global biodiversity, carbon cycling, and ecosystem services. Due to the worldwide loss and degradation of these habitats, grassland birds are experiencing an unprecedented population decline. This work aims to supply an in-depth exploration of the conservation status of Cerrado grassland birds, including their population trends, protective measures, and primary threats within this bird group. Through an exhaustive literature review, conference of endangered species databases, and field data of grassland birds gathered by us, we compiled a comprehensive dataset detailing the trends, threats, and distribution of Cerrado grassland birds. The Cerrado, the world's largest savanna and Brazil's second-largest biome, accommodates 116 bird species specialized in grassland formations, including 13 endemics. Significantly, a notable proportion (26%) of endangered bird species in the Cerrado are strongly associated with grasslands. The primary threats faced by this group encompass habitat loss and degradation, the proliferation of exotic grass species, and the recurrent incidence of wildfires. Upon analyzing population trends, a concerning 37% of Cerrado grassland birds show declining numbers, with inadequate representation in existing protected areas. While grasslands hold global significance, conservation endeavors often give precedence to tropical forests. The preservation of central Brazil's grassland formations assumes utmost importance in safeguarding the abundant biodiversity of the Cerrado. These formations function as pivotal habitats for endangered and declining bird species, underscoring the pressing need to develop conservation strategies attuned to the unique challenges posed by grassland environments.