Abstract
The regional carbonization of the Riphean metamorphic complexes is discussed using as an example the Tamginskoe and Turgenevskoe graphite deposits located in the northern part of the Khanka terrane. It is shown that the noble metal mineralization associates closely with the graphitization. Isotopic, X-ray, and thermal analyses and Raman spectroscopy were first used for investigating the structural state of the graphite with defining its two varieties. The first of them is represented by nanocrystalline fluidogenic graphite that was formed during gas condensate crystallization from deep-seated reduced ore-bearing fluid. The second variety (large-flake graphite) represents a product of metamorphic recrystallization of carbonaceous terrigenous protoliths. The recrystallization was accompanied by the granitization of the sedimentary protolith, mobilization, and the transfer of the carbonaceous and ore matter of the host rocks. It is inferred that the graphitization associated with noble metal mineralization is a polygenic process. The graphite of the first generation associates closely with amorphous diamond-like carbon. This unexpected find may bear genetic information useful for geological and geochemical reconstructions.
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