Abstract
Ni was added into graphite-lead free tin bronze composite layers on surface of steel sheets by primary sintering mixed powders of graphite and CuSn10 with addition of a nickel nitrate and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution in an ammonia decomposition atmosphere. The reduced Ni particles attached on the surface of graphite and CuSn10 particles help to link them together. The conjunction of graphite and CuSn10 matrix in the composites treated by cold rolling and second sintering is well, and no cracks can be observed at the interface between graphite and CuSn10 matrix. The addition of Ni will improve the interface; increase hardness, anti-friction and anti-wear performance of the composites greatly. The Ni containing graphite-CuSn10 composites demonstrate better tribological performance than CuSn10Pb10 alloy, which makes them promising lead free bearing materials for heavy load engines.
Highlights
Lead tin bronze-steel bimetals were usually employed as bearing materials of heavy load engines
Cold rolling with a 10% deformation rate and second sintering at 850 oC for 1 h in an ammonia decomposition atmosphere were performed to densify the porous layers
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) was conducted to analyze the chemical compositions of the smaller particles
Summary
Lead tin bronze-steel bimetals were usually employed as bearing materials of heavy load engines. Modification techniques of graphite such as: Cu electroplating[8,9], Cu electroless plating[10,11], Ni electroplating[12] and Ni electroless plating[13,14,15] are effective routes to improve the interface These modification techniques are complicated, expensive and cannot be employed in large scale production. The possibility of replacement of CuSn10Pb10 alloy by graphite-CuSn10 composites was explored by comparing their tribological performance; a novel, simple, cost effective and large scale production technique was presented to improve the interface between graphite and CuSn10 matrix. Ni(NO3)26H2O and PVA1788 purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Corporation Limited were used as received
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