Abstract
We implemented fast Gaussian gridding (FGG)-based non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) on the graphics processing unit (GPU) architecture for ultrahigh-speed, real-time Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). The Vandermonde matrix-based non-uniform discrete Fourier transform (NUDFT) as well as the linear/cubic interpolation with fast Fourier transform (InFFT) methods are also implemented on GPU to compare their performance in terms of image quality and processing speed. The GPU accelerated InFFT/NUDFT/NUFFT methods are applied to process both the standard half-range FD-OCT and complex full-range FD-OCT (C-FD-OCT). GPU-NUFFT provides an accurate approximation to GPU-NUDFT in terms of image quality, but offers >10 times higher processing speed. Compared with the GPU-InFFT methods, GPU-NUFFT has improved sensitivity roll-off, higher local signal-to-noise ratio and immunity to side-lobe artifacts caused by the interpolation error. Using a high speed CMOS line-scan camera, we demonstrated the real-time processing and display of GPU-NUFFT-based C-FD-OCT at a camera-limited rate of 122 k line/s (1024 pixel/A-scan).
Highlights
Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) is capable of providing depth/timeresolved images of biological tissues noninvasively with micron level resolution
Using a high speed CMOS line-scan camera, we demonstrated the real-time processing and display of graphics processing unit (GPU)-nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT)-based C-FD-OCT at a camera-limited speed of 122 k line/s (1024 pixel/A-scan)
The Vandermonde matrix-based nonuniform discrete Fourier transform (NUDFT) as well as the linear/cubic interpolation with fast Fourier transform (InFFT) methods were implemented on GPU as comparisons of image quality and processing speed
Summary
Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) is capable of providing depth/timeresolved images of biological tissues noninvasively with micron level resolution. Several methods have been implemented to improve data processing and visualization of FD-OCT images: Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) has been applied to both spectrometer and swept source-based systems [21,22]; multi-core CPU parallel processing has been implemented and achieved 80,000 line/s processing rate on nonlinear-k polarizationsensitive OCT system and 207,000 line/s on linear-k systems, both with 1024-point/A-scan [23,24]. To the best of our knowledge, NUDFT/ NUFFT have yet to be utilized in ultra-high speed, real-time FD-OCT systems due to computational complexity and associated latency in data processing. The Vandermonde matrix-based NUDFT as well as the linear/cubic InFFT methods are implemented on GPU as comparisons of image quality and processing speed. Using a high speed CMOS line-scan camera, we demonstrated the real-time processing and display of GPU-NUFFT-based C-FD-OCT at a camera-limited speed of 122 k line/s (1024 pixel/A-scan)
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