Abstract
The description of the fabric elements represented by the linear and planar structures present at different scales is a key component of fieldwork. A scheme is proposed for the systematic registration of planes and lineations, coded as S (planar surfaces), F (folds), and L (lineations), among others, that allows for the orderly storage of the measurements taken. This scheme includes information related to the kinematics, the kinematic indicators, and the certainty or reliability ascribed to the assigned movement. In the fieldwork, the graphic representation of the structural measures in modified projection nets includes concentric circles for each dip. Direct drawing of the outcrop data is undertaken, dispensing with the use of tracing or transparent paper. The stereograms resulting from the graphic representation in the modified Wulff stereographic projection net, and the modified Schmidt equal-area net, can be complemented by rose diagrams for visualization of the spatial ordering. During field campaigns in the outcrops, it is essential to visualize the spatial orientation of the data in the diagrams to determine the main structural trends, the vergence, the kinematic nature of faults and shear zones, paleo-stress tensors, and to differentiate structural domains, among others. This information supports the reconstruction of geological and tectonic history and the establishment of relationships between the different geological processes.
Highlights
Analysis of the spatial location of geological structures acquired in the field using graphical techniques during mapping campaigns is of vital importance for determining the direction of tectonic drag, the kinematics of shear zones and paleostress tensors, and axes of elongation and shortening; and to define the deformation phases recorded by lithological units
It is possible to obtain the location of the points or stations where the structural data are taken on digital map platforms, by means of positioning systems included in mobile devices, and their visualization is possible in viewers, such as Google Earth, or apps compatible with geographic information systems, such as Mobile Data Collection, CartoDruid, MAPit, Nextgis and Qfield for Qgis, and ArcGIS Explorer and Collector for ArcGIS
We propose a scheme that allows their arrangement by type of fabric element, including a qualitative rating of the certainty or reliability of the kinematics assigned to the direction of movement of shear zones (Delvaux and Sperner, 2003; Žalohar, 2020)
Summary
Analysis of the spatial location of geological structures acquired in the field using graphical techniques during mapping campaigns is of vital importance for determining the direction of tectonic drag, the kinematics of shear zones and paleostress tensors, and axes of elongation and shortening; and to define the deformation phases recorded by lithological units. To answer some of these questions, in this paper we present a proposal for the rapid recording and graphical visualization of structural data acquired in the field directly in the outcrop To this end, we propose a scheme (either by means of analog compasses or with mobile devices to complement the information) that allows their arrangement by type of fabric element (planar or linear), including a qualitative rating of the certainty or reliability of the kinematics assigned to the direction of movement of shear zones (Delvaux and Sperner, 2003; Žalohar, 2020). This makes it possible to establish the direction of tectonic drag (among other important considerations for accurate interpretation in the field), to formulate hypotheses, and to have a general understanding of the paleo-stress field
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