Abstract
Graphene-based materials have generated tremendous interest in a wide range of research activities. A wide variety of graphene related materials have been synthesised for potential applications in electronics, energy storage, catalysis, and gas sorption, storage, separation and sensing. Recently, gas sorption, storage and separation in porous nanocarbons and metal–organic frameworks have received increasing attention. In particular, the tuneable porosity, surface area and functionality of the lightweight and stable graphene-based materials open up great scope for those applications. Such structural features can be achieved by the design and control of the synthesis routes. Here, we highlight recent progresses and challenges in the syntheses of graphene-based materials with hierarchical pore structures, tuneable high surface area, chemical doping and surface functionalization for gas (H2, CH4, CO2, N2, NH3, NO2, H2S, SO2, etc.) sorption, storage and separation.
Highlights
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) sp2 bonded carbon sheet, arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice [1,2,3,4]
In order to exploit most of the proposed applications, the synthesis routes and conditions is important in tuning the structure and properties of graphene
The results show that the porous graphene membrane with all-N modified pore-16 exhibits a higher CO2 selectivity over N2 ($11) due to the enhanced electrostatic interactions compared to the unmodified graphene membrane
Summary
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) sp bonded carbon sheet, arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice [1,2,3,4]. Carbon based materials have been considered for promising gas sorption, storage, and separation because of the abundance, robust pore structure, tuneable porosity and surface area, light-weight, high thermal and chemical stability, and easy synthesis in industrial scale. Storage and separation in carbon materials are mainly based on physisorption on the surfaces and depend on the electrostatic and dispersion (i.e., vdW) interactions. The binding or adsorption strength with a carbon nanostructure is relatively low for H2 and N2; intermediate for CO, CH4 and CO2; and relatively high for H2S, NH3 and H2O Surface modifications, such as doping, functionalization and improving the pore structure and specific surface area of nanocarbons, are important to enhance gas adsorption. Molecular separation can be facilitated by large differences in diffusion kinetics across a relatively thick porous membrane
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