Abstract
Graphene, a two dimensional structure of carbon atoms, has been widely used as a material for gas sensing applications because of its large surface area, excellent conductivity, and ease of functionalization. This article reviews the most recent advances in graphene hybrid materials developed for gas sensing applications. In this review, synthetic approaches to fabricate graphene sensors, the nano structures of hybrid materials, and their sensing mechanism are presented. Future perspectives of this rapidly growing field are also discussed.
Highlights
Graphene is a monolayer of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice which was discovered by Geim and Novoselov in 2004 [1,2]
The atoms in graphene sheets are considered as surface atoms providing large surface area per unit volume which makes them suitable for adsorption of gas molecules [7]
A room temperature acetone gas sensor based on SnO2-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid composite film was fabricated on a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate by utilizing a hydrothermal method [44]
Summary
Graphene is a monolayer of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice which was discovered by Geim and Novoselov in 2004 [1,2]. Some of the important properties of graphene which make it useful for gas and vapor sensing are: its electron mobility at 300 K is 20,000 cm2/Vs, it has a resistivity of 10 ́6 Ωcm, and its carrier density is 1012/cm2 [5]. Graphene is an attractive sensing material for fabricating a gas sensing device due to its intrinsic properties such as large surface area, higher interaction with gas molecules, and zero rest mass of its charged carriers [6]. All atoms in graphene sheets are capable of interacting even with a single molecule of target gas [8]. This property makes graphene an ultrasensitive material for detecting gas molecules. This review article is intended to focus on the potential applications of graphene hybrids. Our main focus is on graphene hybrids which were divided into two types, i.e., hybrids of graphene with polymers and hybrids of graphene with metal/metal oxides
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