Abstract
Graphene has been recognized as a promising gas sensing material. The response of graphene-based sensors can be radically improved by introducing defects in graphene using, for example, metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. We have functionalised CVD grown, single-layer graphene by applying pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of V2O5 which resulted in a thin V2O5 layer on graphene with average thickness of ≈0.6 nm. From Raman spectroscopy, it was concluded that the PLD process also induced defects in graphene. Compared to unmodified graphene, the obtained chemiresistive sensor showed considerable improvement of sensing ammonia at room temperature. In addition, the response time, sensitivity and reversibility were essentially enhanced due to graphene functionalisation by laser deposited V2O5. This can be explained by an increased surface density of gas adsorption sites introduced by high energy atoms in laser ablation plasma and formation of nanophase boundaries between deposited V2O5 and graphene.
Highlights
IntroductionGraphene, being a thin (semi)conducting material, is a promising gas sensing system
Graphene, being a thinconducting material, is a promising gas sensing system
The darker contrasting regions and the lines in the image originate from the Cu growth surface of the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process or wrinkles left in the graphene sheet during the transfer process from the copper foil to Si/SiO2 substrate
Summary
Graphene, being a thin (semi)conducting material, is a promising gas sensing system. Down to single molecule resolution, has been demonstrated with graphene-based devices under laboratory conditions [1,2,3]. In order to develop gas sensing applications working under real conditions, much effort has been dedicated to modification of graphene for improving its gas sensing characteristics. Increasing the selectivity of graphene-based gas sensors is crucial for their future implementation. The improvement of gas sensing characteristics has been demonstrated with resistive type gas sensors based on single-layer graphene modified by a deposited layer of precious metal [4] or Beilstein J.
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