Abstract
Garlic is a commonly used spice in folk medicine which could exert adverse health effects when given at high dose. Grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) exhibits a variety of beneficial effects even at high dose. In the present study we evaluated the toxicity of high garlic dose treatment on heart and the protective effect of GSSE. Rats were intraperitoneally (IP) administered either with garlic extract (5 g/kg bw) or GSSE (500 mg/kg bw) or a combination of garlic and GSSE at the same doses daily for one month. Data showed that high garlic dose induced heart toxicity and a pro-oxidative status characterized by increased MDA, NO, carbonyl protein, LDH, H2O2, free iron, and calcium. Unexpectedly garlic increased catalase and peroxidase but had no effect on superoxide dismutase. GSSE alone or in co-treatment with garlic had an opposite role and counteracted almost all garlic-induced deleterious effects to near control level. In conclusion, high garlic dose induced a pro-oxidative state into heart via the Fenton reaction between H2O2 and free iron, and GSSE exerted antioxidant properties.
Highlights
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been widely used as a flavoring compound and in traditional medicine as a healing agent
We showed that high garlic dose administered IP induced a pro-oxidative state into the blood compartment [6], the brain [7], the heart [8], the kidney [9], the liver and the spleen [10]
The present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effect of high dosage garlic when administered IP on Heart antioxidant status, as well as the putative protection offered by Grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) treatment
Summary
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been widely used as a flavoring compound and in traditional medicine as a healing agent. Garlic; Grape seed and skin extract; Heart; redox status; antioxidant enzymes. The present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effect of high dosage garlic when administered IP on Heart antioxidant status, as well as the putative protection offered by GSSE treatment. Our data confirmed the pro-oxidant effect of high garlic dose and provide new data on the protection offered by GSSE.
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