Abstract
The main by-product generated in the wine industry are the grape canes, derived from the pruning process. In order to increase the valorisation possibilities of this highly polyphenolic lignocellulosic material, this work focuses on its applicability in the materials industry. As a first step, we demonstrate the viability of using grape cane particles as raw material for particleboard production, combined with a melamine formaldehyde urea (MFU) binder. In addition, looking for the application of these particleboards in the food packaging industry, particleboards based on grape canes were also produced using a new bioadhesive, obtained from the grape cane extract and citric acid. The self-condensation reaction of the grape cane extracts, and the curing reaction with citric acid, were studied by FTIR-ATR and ABES showing the feasibility of this new bioadhesive formulation. Looking for a zero-waste process, the effect of the type of raw material (fresh grape cane, solid by-product of the extraction) and of the extract used on the properties of particleboard were also studied. Citric acid was demonstrated to be a good crosslinking agent for grape cane extract. This work shows that it is possible to produce a new lignocellulosic product based only on grape cane particles using a binder based on grape cane extracts and citric acid. The implemented methodology allowed producing particleboards with applicability in the food-packaging industry, minimizing the waste generated in the process.
Highlights
Grape canes, called vine-shoots, are the most important by-products in viticulture, other by-products such as grape seeds, pomace, stalks and skins are generated in the vinification process
The results show that the GCE1 obtained using NaOH as an extraction agent presents a slightly better mechanical performance as a bioadhesive, when mixed with citric acid, than the extract obtained using NaHCO3
The potential of grape cane to be used as a wood substitute in particleboard production was evaluated combining the non-treated grape canes, and the extraction residue with a melamine formaldehyde urea (MFU) resin catalysed with citric acid
Summary
Called vine-shoots, are the most important by-products in viticulture, other by-products such as grape seeds, pomace, stalks and skins are generated in the vinification process. Grape cane valorisation is not a new topic, and its potential to obtain extracts with high polyphenolic content was studied by other authors [1,2,4]. The characterization of the extracts obtained from different varieties of grape cane has shown the presence of a high amount of stilbenes [5,6] and condensed polyphenols. The valorisation of this lignocellulosic material was focused on the production of extracts for its application on the pharmaceutical and food industry, due to which most of the studies were performed with alcoholic solvents [2,6,7]. The application of grape cane extracts in the formulation of new lignocellulosic materials makes it necessary to study extraction methodologies with low economic cost and low environmental impact
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