Grand Challenges in Glass Science

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Glass science offers researchers an ample range of open questions, starting from one of the most difficult problems in science: the basic nature of the glassy state. Atomic-level descriptions of the glassy state are extremely complex due to the lack of long-range order found in crystalline materials. Our understanding of fundamental glass physics and chemistry is also hindered by the non-equilibrium thermodynamic state of glass. Recent theoretical and experimental advances are enabling the field to mature from an empirical discipline to one built upon rigorous scientific principles. These advancements not only offer a remarkable level of understanding but also contribute to the atomic-level design of novel functional glasses (Mauro et al., 2013a). Glass science combines the cutting edge of a multitude of technical subjects: physics, chemistry, geology, engineering, and mathematics. Glass transition and relaxation phenomena are at the frontiers of condensed matter and statistical physics. From a chemical perspective, a nearly infinite combination of compositions can lead to successful glass formation. To facilitate progress at a large scale and exploit all of the unique properties that glasses may offer, the boundaries of glass engineering technology must also be pushed forward. Recent advances of the domain have coincided with an unprecedented demand for glass as a high-tech material in consumer electronic devices. Working in the field of glass has never been more stimulating – glass plays a critical role in solving several of the global energy and healthcare challenges of today.