GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF PROPER NAMES

Abstract

Despite the availability of a sufficient number of studies, there is still no comprehensive work that would summarize information about the grammatical features of proper names of the Ukrainian language. However, there is an indisputable need for such conclusions, which determines the relevance of the topic of our scientific article. The purpose of the study is to systematize the morphological and syntactic features of the proprietary units of the Ukrainian language. Methods of classification and systematization (to group proper names), descriptive method using stratigraphic, genetic, etymological, word formation, formant, comparative and other methods (to characterize the Ukrainian onomastіcon) and the method of quantitative calculations (to determine the productivity of different types of proper names) were used in the work. The study found that the grammatical attributes of onyms are inextricably linked with similar features of common names, but it is appropriate to emphasize their specificity. In particular, proper names have a number of differential characteristics in the definition lexico-grammatical and grammatical categories, and the main types of word change are declension (noun and noun-adjective), declension-invariant (construction “noun + noun”) and invariant (especially when the proper name is combined with an appellative indicating a denotation). We often record the transition from a proper name to common names, less often – the pluralization of onyms. The syntactic role of simple subjects, objects, attributes, appositions, adverbial modifiers of place and direct address is dominant for onyms (according to semantic-syntactic criterions – substantial subject, object and addressee and secondary attributive, vocative and adverbial locative syntaxes). Compound models, in particular phrases and predicates, are specific to proper names. Phonetic, lexical and other features of proper names can be described in more detail in the following generalized articles.