Abstract
The effects of previous crops (soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera Metzg)), as well as of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), on yield and some quality parameters of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain were evaluated based on a four-year field experiment. Wheat was grown in a four-field crop rotation: Soybean—winter wheat—winter oilseed rape—winter wheat. The study revealed that growing winter wheat after soybean, compared to its cultivation in the field after winter oilseed rape, significantly increased grain and straw yield, as well as all yield and crop components evaluated. After the previous soybean crop, higher grain protein content, Zeleny sedimentation value, and grain uniformity were also found. After winter oilseed rape, only a greater value of the gluten index was obtained. Statistical analysis did not show the tillage system (TS) to influence the grain yield of winter wheat. Under the CT system, relative to NT, straw yield, number of ears per 1 m2, and plant height of winter wheat were found to be significantly higher. The NT system, on the other hand, beneficially affected the thousand grain weight. Wheat grain harvested under the CT system was characterized by a higher grain test weight, better grain uniformity, and lower gluten index than under NT.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), including its winter form, is the most important crop in the world alongside rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) [1]
The present study has proven that soybean is a better previous crop for wheat than winter oilseed rape
Grain yield of winter wheat was significantly positively correlated with ear density to the greatest extent, after both the previous soybean and winter oilseed rape crops
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), including its winter form, is the most important crop in the world alongside rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) [1]. Selecting a cultivar with favorable characteristics does not automatically guarantee that the yield of desired quality will be obtained, as the yielding potential of crop plants can be fully utilized after they have been provided with optimal growth conditions [6,7] This goal can be achieved by, among others, selecting an appropriate position in the crop rotation and proper agronomic practices. Winter wheat grain is a strategic raw material in the global food economy, and that is why research aimed at determining optimal agronomic conditions is of key importance for obtaining this crop’s high yields with favorable quality parameters. Its aim was to evaluate the effects of previous crops (soybean and winter oilseed rape), as well as of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), on the yield and some quality parameters of winter wheat grain
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