Abstract
Microstructural evolution and wear performance of Tantalum (Ta) treated by ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) at 25 and 1000 °C were reported. The UNSM treatment modified a surface along with subsurface layer with a thickness in the range of 20 to 150 µm, which depends on the UNSM treatment temperature, via the surface severe plastic deformation (S2PD) method. The cross-sectional microstructure of the specimens was observed by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) in order to confirm the microstructural alteration in terms of effective depth and refined grain size. The surface hardness measurement results, including depth profile, revealed that the hardness of the UNSM-treated specimens at both temperatures was increased in comparison with those of the untreated ones. The increase in UNSM treatment temperature led to a further increase in hardness. Moreover, both the UNSM-treated specimens with an increased hardness resulted in a higher resistance to wear in comparison with those of the untreated ones under dry conditions. The increase in hardness and induced compressive residual stress that depend on the formation of severe plastically deformed layer with the refined nano-grains are responsible for the enhancement in wear resistance. The findings of this study may be implemented in response to various industries that are related to strength improvement and wear enhancement issues of Ta.
Highlights
Tantalum (Ta) is a rare, refractable, malleable, and lustrous metal, which is widely used in various industries, in particular, aerospace, electronic devices, and nuclear applications, owing to its high ductility at temperatures below 150 ◦ C, good forging, and chemical and physical properties [1]
Ta is a highly bioinert metal to manufacture biomedical components, such as hip, knee joints, and other orthopaedic implants because it is not harmed by bodily fluids and does not irritate the flesh of the implant
The realization of components made of Ta suited for harsh and high-temperature conditions is a challenge since it is problematic to control the required mechanical properties and the fatigue strength of Ta in aerospace applications, such as gas turbines or engines where the temperature rises up to 650 ◦ C [5]
Summary
Tantalum (Ta) is a rare, refractable, malleable, and lustrous metal, which is widely used in various industries, in particular, aerospace, electronic devices, and nuclear applications, owing to its high ductility at temperatures below 150 ◦ C, good forging, and chemical and physical properties [1].Especially, Ta exhibits a superior corrosion resistance due to a natural protective layer created by oxides of Ta on its surface [2]. Tantalum (Ta) is a rare, refractable, malleable, and lustrous metal, which is widely used in various industries, in particular, aerospace, electronic devices, and nuclear applications, owing to its high ductility at temperatures below 150 ◦ C, good forging, and chemical and physical properties [1]. Ta is a highly bioinert metal to manufacture biomedical components, such as hip, knee joints, and other orthopaedic implants because it is not harmed by bodily fluids and does not irritate the flesh of the implant. In spite of the facts that Ta is a highly corrosion resistant, chemically inert, etc., but its main advantages are low strength, low wear resistance, and low fatigue strength, which may prevent its successful potential applications in a wide variety energy and fatigue ranges, starting from biomedical through chemical process equipment.
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