Gradient and facile extraction of valuable metals from spent lithium ion batteries for new cathode materials re-fabrication

Abstract

Sustainable recycling value-added metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been supposed to be a promising alternative to alleviate the current environmental and resource issues. Reduced reagents consumption and closed-loop reutilization are still challenging in current prevailing recycling processes. This study proposed a novel recycling strategy involved with gradient extraction of valuable metals and closed-loop re-fabrication of cathode materials. Lithium was selectively recovered as lithium enriched lixivium in mild tartaric acidic medium with a high yield of 99.7 % and little co-extraction of transition metals (Ni, Co and Mn) under optimized leaching conditions. Then transition metals enriched residues can be completely dissolved in facile sulfuric acidic medium without the contamination of Li. Li2CO3 and ternary precursors were recovered from Li enriched lixivium and transition metal enriched lixivium, respectively. Finally, cathode materials of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 are refabricated using obtained products to close the recycling loop. It can be concluded that it is possible for the gradient recycling of Li and transition metals based on their inherent properties with minimized consumption of acids under facile leaching conditions, which can also facilitate metals separation process for closed-looped re-fabrication of new cathode materials.