Abstract
Abstract. This paper presents an application of GPU accelerators in Earth system modeling. We focus on atmospheric chemical kinetics, one of the most computationally intensive tasks in climate–chemistry model simulations. We developed a software package that automatically generates CUDA kernels to numerically integrate atmospheric chemical kinetics in the global climate model ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC), used to study climate change and air quality scenarios. A source-to-source compiler outputs a CUDA-compatible kernel by parsing the FORTRAN code generated by the Kinetic PreProcessor (KPP) general analysis tool. All Rosenbrock methods that are available in the KPP numerical library are supported.Performance evaluation, using Fermi and Pascal CUDA-enabled GPU accelerators, shows achieved speed-ups of 4. 5 × and 20. 4 × , respectively, of the kernel execution time. A node-to-node real-world production performance comparison shows a 1. 75 × speed-up over the non-accelerated application using the KPP three-stage Rosenbrock solver. We provide a detailed description of the code optimizations used to improve the performance including memory optimizations, control code simplification, and reduction of idle time. The accuracy and correctness of the accelerated implementation are evaluated by comparing to the CPU-only code of the application. The median relative difference is found to be less than 0.000000001 % when comparing the output of the accelerated kernel the CPU-only code.The approach followed, including the computational workload division, and the developed GPU solver code can potentially be used as the basis for hardware acceleration of numerous geoscientific models that rely on KPP for atmospheric chemical kinetics applications.
Highlights
One of today’s great scientific challenges is to predict how climate will change locally as gas concentrations change over time
We focus on atmospheric chemical kinetics, one of the most computationally intensive tasks in climate–chemistry model simulations
We developed a software package that automatically generates CUDA kernels to numerically integrate atmospheric chemical kinetics in the global climate model ECHAM/Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC), used to study climate change and air quality scenarios
Summary
One of today’s great scientific challenges is to predict how climate will change locally as gas concentrations change over time. The study of chemistry–climate interactions represents an important and, at the same time, difficult task of global Earth system research. The emerging issues of climate change, ozone depletion, and air quality, which are challenging from both scientific and policy perspectives, are represented in chemistry–climate models (CCMs). The global atmosphere–chemistry model ECHAM/ MESSy (EMAC) is a numerical chemistry and climate simulation system that includes submodels describing tropospheric and middle atmosphere processes and their interaction with oceans, land, and human influences (Jöckel et al, 2010). It uses the second version of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy2) to link multi-institutional computer codes. To achieve realistic simulation times, researchers are forced to limit the resolution of model simulations
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