Abstract
The GPS satellite clock corrections (along with gravitational redshift) which are necessary for the proper operation of the GPS are fully described without invoking relativity theory as is the practice today.
Highlights
Clock Retardation Due to MovementBased on accurate experimental data, it has been rigorously confirmed that clocks that are stationary in the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites run slow relative to clocks that are stationary in the ECI frame
In the Global Positioning System (GPS), there are atomic clocks on board the orbiting satellites which are necessary for the proper operation of the system
These clocks experience clock retardation arising from their high-speed movement around the Earth and clock advancement resulting from reduced gravitational field intensity at the satellite altitudes [1]
Summary
Based on accurate experimental data, it has been rigorously confirmed that clocks that are stationary in the GPS satellites run slow relative to clocks that are stationary in the ECI frame. From (3a), the difference between the time t′ on the moving satellite clock and the time t on the clock that is stationary in the ECI frame is given by t′ This represents a slowing of the clock rate as a result of the movement of the clock in the ECI frame. Over a period of one day, the time change is given by t′ − t =−8.349 ×10−11 × 60 × 60 × 24 −7.214 ×10−6 s =−7214 ns (7) This means that the satellite clocks lose 7210 ns (rounded to 10 ns) each day compared with the clocks that are stationary in the ECI frame as a result of movement at velocity v = 3874 m s relative to the ECI frame or the center of the Earth
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