Abstract
ABSTRACT: Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (goosegrass) is a grass species that has global prominence as a weed in areas typical of the soybean crop. However, its dispersion in recent years has been reported expressively for areas of poorly drained soil, in which irrigated rice is cultivated (lowlands). Little is known on its behavior and biology in this different ecosystem. This study aimed to evaluate if Eleusine indica can survive and withstand flooding. The experimental design was a completely randomized (two-way), in which two E. indica biotypes, one from the uplands (without flooding) and the other from the lowlands (with flooding), were submitted to three soil water conditions: 50 and 100% water retention capacity and soil under water depth. Photosynthetic and gas exchange parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration, water use efficiency, and assimilation rate by Rubisco) were determined. Morphological diversity of biotypes was evaluated through descriptors. The existence of typical lowland biotype could not be characterized. However, both biotypes were able to survive, develop, and generate seeds in a flooded environment in the irrigated rice system.
Highlights
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. is an annual monocot popularly known as goosegrass, usually found in areas typical of soybean cultivation without flooding (Radosevich et al, 2007; Chauhan and Johnson, 2008; Vargas et al, 2013; Wandscheer, 2013)
This species has been reported in areas of poorly drained soil, typical of irrigated rice production, demonstrating to withstand the conditions imposed by this differentiated habitat (Erasmo et al, 2004; Rao et al, 2007)
The biotype Alegrete, supposedly tolerant to soil flooding, responded with a higher photosynthetic rate under conditions of high-water availability (100% water retention capacity (WRC) and water depth). It presented a reduction in the photosynthetic rate when submitted to a low soil water availability, demonstrating to be less tolerant to water deficit (Table 2)
Summary
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. is an annual monocot popularly known as goosegrass, usually found in areas typical of soybean cultivation without flooding (Radosevich et al, 2007; Chauhan and Johnson, 2008; Vargas et al, 2013; Wandscheer, 2013). Is an annual monocot popularly known as goosegrass, usually found in areas typical of soybean cultivation without flooding (Radosevich et al, 2007; Chauhan and Johnson, 2008; Vargas et al, 2013; Wandscheer, 2013) This plant is considered of great importance as a weed because it has high competitive power and easy adaptation to almost all regions worldwide, with several cases of resistance to different mechanisms of herbicidal action, such as EPSPs and ACCase inhibitors (Kissmann, 2007; Kraehmer et al, 2016; Heap, 2017). A stress condition for species susceptible to the harmful effects of flooding is characterized
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