Golgi Phosphoprotein-3 and Y-Box–Binding Protein-1 Are Novel Markers Correlating With Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer

Abstract

BackgroundProstate cancer is a common and aggressive cancer among men. Despite advances in treatment, the mechanisms involved in progression are still unclear. New prognostic markers are needed to better design patient-specific therapeutic regimens. Materials and MethodsThe present study included 120 patients: 76 with prostate carcinoma, 12 with low-grade prostate intraepithelial lesions, 12 with high-grade prostate intraepithelial lesions, and 20 with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical study was performed for Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH3) and Y-box–binding protein-1 (YB-1) analysis. The correlation with clinicopathologic data and overall survival was analyzed. ResultsBoth GOLPH3 and YB-1 showed increased expression from benign to malignant tumors. In prostate carcinoma, cytoplasmic GOLPH3 was associated with Gleason score, tumor stage, and androgen receptor status (P = .034, P < .001, and P = .008, respectively). Nuclear YB-1 expression was associated with Gleason score and androgen receptor status (P = .018 and P = .024, respectively). Cytoplasmic YB-1 expression was associated with Gleason score, tumor stage, and androgen receptor status (P = .008, P = .027, and P < .001, respectively). A high Gleason score (P = .004), high tumor stage (P < .001), and androgen receptor-independent cancer (P = .006) were the only detected adverse prognostic clinicopathologic factors. Moderate to intense GOLPH3 and high nuclear and cytoplasmic YB-1 expression correlated with shorter overall survival (P < .001, P = .020, and P < .001, respectively). On multivariate analysis, moderate to intense GOLPH3 expression was the only predictor of overall survival (P = .025). ConclusionHigh GOLPH3 and nuclear/cytoplasmic YB-1 expression correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer. Both markers could be promising targets for new treatment strategies.