Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the expression of Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH3) in prostate cancer and determine its prognostic value.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining for GOLPH3 was performed on tissue microarrays of 342 prostate patients. The correlation between GOLPH3 expression with its clinicopathologic factors was also analyzed in order to determine its prognostic significance.ResultsGOLPH3 expression of normal prostate tissues, benign prostate hyperplasia, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and hormone-dependent prostate cancer (HDPC) did not show any statistically significant difference. In contrast, statistically significant difference was reported in moderate/intense GOLPH3 expression in cases diagnosed with HDPC and castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) (P < 0.0005). Moderate /intense expression of GOLPH3 was associated with androgen independence (P = 0.012), higher Gleason score (P = 0.017), bone metastasis (P = 0.024), higher baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (P = 0.038), and higher PSA nadir (P = 0.032). A significantly negative correlation was found between moderate/intense GOLPH3 expression and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 0.28, P = 0.012) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.42, P = 0.027). Univariated analysis indicated that moderate/intense GOLPH3 expression created a significantly prognostic impact in patients with CRPC. On the other hand, multivariate analysis indicated that GOLPH3 was a significantly independent prognostic factor of DFS (P = 0.027) in all prostate cancer patients.ConclusionsIn this study, it was discovered that the overexpression of GOLPH3 is associated with the transition of prostate cancer from hormone sensitive phase to hormone refractory phase. GOLPH3 might be an important prognostic factor of DFS and OS in patients with prostate cancer. In totality, GOLPH3 could be used as a novel candidate in devising a more effective therapeutic strategy to tackle CRPC.Virtual slidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1452541171722856.
Highlights
To investigate the expression of Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH3) in prostate cancer and determine its prognostic value
102 (26.77%) patients were diagnosed with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). 61 (16.01%) cases were diagnosed with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). 20 (5.25%) patients were diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), while 20 (5.25%) cases were normal prostate tissue subjected to pancystectomy
There were no statistically significant differences in GOLPH3 expression of BPH, normal prostate tissues, or HGPIN. 83 (81.37%) of 102 CRPC cases showed moderate/intense expression for GOLPH3, whereas 15 (14.71%) cases were detected with weak expression
Summary
To investigate the expression of Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH3) in prostate cancer and determine its prognostic value. Prostate cancer is a major public health problem. The morbidity rate of prostate cancer has been increasing steadily in China. The annual morbidity rate of prostate cancer has increased by 14% since 1990. Most cases of prostate cancer are responsive to androgen ablation therapy in the initial stages. These tumors become resistant to hormonal therapy with the passage of time. Metastatic phenotypes proliferate in patients suffering from prostate cancer [2]. We have not been successful in devising an effective therapeutic approach to tackle cases of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Biomarkers with greater sensitivity and specificity can provide evidences for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRPC [3,4]
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