Abstract
Bioaccumulation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) by plants has been demonstrated in numerous studies over the past 5–10 years. However, the overwhelming majority of these studies were conducted using hydroponic systems and the degree to which the addition of the biological and chemical components present in the soil might fundamentally alter the potential of plant bioaccumulation of ENMs is unclear. Here, we used two genotypes of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), reduced mycorrhizal colonization (rmc), a mutant which does not allow arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization, and its progenitor, 76R, to examine how colonization by AMF alters trends of gold ENM bioaccumulation from a natural soil. Gold was taken up and bioaccumulated by plants of both genotypes. Gold concentrations were significantly higher in the rmc treatment although this was likely attributable to the large differences in biomass between the 76R and rmc plants. Regardless, there was little evidence that AMF played a significant role in trafficking Au ENMs into the plants. Furthermore, despite very low NH4NO3 extractable Au concentrations, Au accumulated at the root-soil interface. Although this observation would seem to suggest that ENMs may have potential to influence this particularly biologically active and important soil compartment, we observed no evidence of this here, as the 76R plants developed a robust AMF symbiosis despite accumulation of Au ENMs at the rhizoplane.
Highlights
Over the past decade, many studies have reported plant uptake and translocation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), largely from hydroponic and culture media [1,2,3]
Dry shoot biomass produced by rmc plants was significantly lower (p ď 0.05) than that produced by the 76R plants (Figure 1A)
The LA-ICP-MS data reported here demonstrate that ENMs added to a natural soil have the potential to migrate to and/or concentrate at the rhizoplane, despite seemingly low bioavailability in soil
Summary
Many studies have reported plant uptake and translocation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), largely from hydroponic and culture media [1,2,3]. The initiation of this relationship alters physiological barriers to ENM uptake, as the penetration of the root by AMF hyphae forms a site through which ENMs may possibly enter the root, as well as potentially acting as a pathway through which the AMF may traffic ENMs from the soil into the plant [10].
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