Abstract
Nowadays, cost-effective, available, and flexible paper-based electronics play an essential role in the electronics industry. Herein, we present gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a potential raw material for gold inks in the future for such purposes. AuNPs in this research were synthesised using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique from two precursors: gold (III) chloride tetrahydrate and gold (III) acetate. Synthesised AuNPs were collected in a suspension composed of deionised (D.I.) water and the stabiliser polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). AuNPs’ suspensions were subjected to the rotavapor process to obtain gold inks with higher Au concentration (>300 ppm). ICP-MS measurements, the size and shape of AuNPs, ζ-potential, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry measurements, and scanning electron microscop y (SEM) of gold inks were carried out in order to find the optimal printing parameters. In the final stage, the optical contact angle measurements were performed using a set of polar to non-polar liquids, allowing for the determination of the surface free energy of gold inks. Inkjet printing of gold inks as defined stripes on photo paper were tested, based on the characterisation results.
Highlights
In recent years, printed paper electronics have gained attention in various applications, like electrochemical sensors, energy storage devices, solar cells, and radiofrequency identification tags [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Different types of printing techniques are available in the market to fabricate paper electrodes, such as photolithography [13,14], screen printing [15,16], the drop-on-demand inkjet printing technique [17,18,19,20], etc
We found out that higher concentrations of Au in the precursor allowed the formation of gold ink with a higher final AuNPs’ content under the same conditions
Summary
In recent years, printed paper electronics have gained attention in various applications, like electrochemical sensors, energy storage devices, solar cells, and radiofrequency identification tags [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Inkjet printing is one of the easy and non-contact direct ink writing methods for printing paper electrodes with high resolution and precision without a mask pattern compared to other printing techniques. Conductive inks are used, composed mostly on the basis of metallic nanoparticles like silver, copper, and gold [21,22]. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are applied widely in electronics, sensors, probes, catalysis, and photochemical therapy, due to their unique properties [23,24,25,26]. AuNPs are, namely, highly conductive and biocompatible, besides possessing surface plasmon resonance and special optical and electronic properties, depending on their sizes and shapes [27,28]
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